Location
Southeastern Europe and southwestern
Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the
Bosporus is geographically part
of Europe), bordering the Black Sea,
between Bulgaria and Georgia,
and bordering the Aegean Sea
and the Mediterranean Sea,
between Greece and Syria

Geographic coordinates
39 00 N, 35 00 E

Area
Total: 780,580 sq km
Comparative: slightly larger than Texas

Land boundaries
Total: 2,648 km
Border countries: Armenia 268 km,
Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km,
Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km,
Iran 499 km, Iraq 352 km, Syria 822 km

Coastline
7,200 km

Climate
Temperate; hot, dry summers with
mild, wet winters; harsher in interior

Terrain
Mostly mountains; narrow coastal
plain; high central plateau (Anatolia)

Elevation extremes
Lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
Highest point: Mount Ararat 5,166 m

Natural resources
Antimony, coal, chromium,
mercury, copper, borate, sulfur,
iron ore, arable land, hydropower

Population
67,308,928 (July 2002 est.)

Ethnic groups
Turkish 80%, Kurdish 20%

Religions
Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni),
other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)

Languages
Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic, Armenian, Greek

Government type
Republican parliamentary democracy

Capital
Ankara

Military branches
Land Forces, Navy (includes Naval
Air and Naval Infantry), Air Force,
Coast Guard, Gendarmerie

Military manpower
Availability: males age 15-49:
19,219,177 (2002 est.)
Fit for military service: males
age 15-49: 11,623,675 (2002 est.)

Military expenditures
Dollar figure: $8.1 billion (2002 est.)
Percent of GDP: 4.5% (2002 est.)